<h1>河北钢铁40年：得失?悲喜?浮沉</h1>
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<span>2018-8-17 10:26:31</span>来源：<span>中商网撰写</span>作者：<span>杨进先</span>
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<li><b class="v2_content_ico04">导读：</b></li>
<li>河北钢铁40年：得失?悲喜?浮沉</li>
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<li><b class="v2_content_ico05">关键字：</b></li>
<li>河北钢铁</li>
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<div class="over_x"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钢铁，是一个民族文明的标志，一个国家国力的象征。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铁、钢作为基础材料，伴随人类文明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年，一直没有退出历史舞台。时至今日，一个国家的强盛仍然离不开钢铁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代，社会主义新中国百废待兴，亟须修复战争创伤，建设强大国防，打造完备工业体系。乘着社会主义东风，一批钢铁企业在全国各地上马。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上世纪五六十年代，河北以“六钢一机”为主的钢铁工业初具雏形，并在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1972</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1974</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年趋于完善，全省钢产量排全国前五名。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产量跃升：中国第一，河北第二</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改革开放后，河北以“六钢一机”为代表的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">38</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家国有冶金企业，向国内外先进学习，走出一条扩建、配套、改造的快速发展之路，工艺装备技术水平大为提高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进入上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代，社会主义市场经济开始发育，著名的邯钢经验成为整个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代全国工业企业学习的榜样。同时，国有钢铁企业现代企业制度日趋完善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1992</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，小平同志南巡后，得益于唐钢、邯钢等国有钢企的技术扩散、人才输送，以津西、建龙为代表的集体钢铁企业得以快速发展，<b>河北钢铁</b>产量逐渐向全国第三、第二跃升。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，中国钢产量首超</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨，成为世界第一钢铁大国，至今稳坐头把交椅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1999</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，中国钢铁行业出现全行业亏损，国家提出“调控总量”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当多数人还在悲观观望时，少数嗅觉灵敏的企业家闻到了一种诱人的味道——以房地产市场化为标志，中国在新世纪之初城镇化提速，随之而来的不是“调控总量”，而是“需求井喷”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，随着冶金主管部门的撤销，上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代新建的集体钢铁企业纷纷被收购改制，以敬业、燕山为代表的民间资本开始涉足钢铁领域。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巨大的市场、强烈的召唤让一些大胆的民营企业家不顾国家的宏观调控，在土地、环评手续不完备的情况下，争先恐后地上马钢铁项目。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本世纪前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，平均每年新增</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨钢，其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">70%</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由民企贡献。当时有一种“百万吨钢现象”：投资建设一座</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨的钢厂，每年赚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿多元，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年就能收回投资。钢企赚钱之容易，就像“耙子搂”“大风刮”，有企业主用车拉着一麻袋一麻袋的现金，在北京一口气买十几辆奔驰车。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，河北钢材产量只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1306</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨，不足全国的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10%</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，民营钢企粗钢产量仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">200</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多万吨。仅用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年时间，河北粗钢产量超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨，跃居全国第一，并保持至今。此后数年，又相继超越德、美、日。到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2013</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年底，仅民营钢企钢产量就达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年增长了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">43</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍，是世界第二大产钢国日本的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.13</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍。有人戏称，世界钢铁产量，“中国第一，河北第二，日本第三，唐山第四”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">隐患发作：经历“寒冬”才会成长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2008</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，中国钢铁行业在国际金融危机冲击下遭遇短暂危机后，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2009</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年出现“回光返照”，钢材价格一度高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨。此前，各地实行“淘汰落后、结构调整”，不少企业却抓住机会“压小上大”形成更大产能，民营企业中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">立方米高炉比比皆是。这为下一轮行业危机埋下了隐患。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2012</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年开始，钢材价格急转直下，吨钢利润越来越薄，从一部手机，到一斤猪肉，再到一瓶矿泉水。到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2015</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年底，粗钢价格只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1440</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨，价格严重偏离价值，综合价格指数达到有记录以来的最低点，全行业大面积亏损。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2014</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2015</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的“寒冬”，是钢铁行业最难过的日子，不少企业负责人记忆犹新，至今后背发凉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2013</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，国家开始化解钢铁过剩产能。此时，河北有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨产能，占全国四分之一。此后的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，国家要求河北不仅不能有一吨增量，还要在存量基础上压减</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨，占全国四分之三，相当于德、法两国的粗钢产量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">压减产能，不仅因为行业危机，更有环境考量。我国钢铁生产还处在长流程阶段，高消耗、高排放难以避免。生产一吨粗钢需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨高品位铁矿、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨焦炭。按最近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年河北年产粗钢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨计算，每年有至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨的原燃料、成品钢材大进大出，其中很大一部分靠公路货运，间接形成新的排放。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“黑色产业”遇到绿色困境。河北</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年内至少压减</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨钢铁产能，影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万人就业、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">500</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多亿元税收、近千亿元资产损失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回头再看新世纪前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，伴随着我国的城市化进程，钢铁行业经历了一轮从浮到沉的完整周期，前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年高歌猛进，后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年飞流直下。那些在本世纪初才初次涉足钢铁的民营企业家，在这轮周期中接受了一次完整的市场经济教育，他们不再冲动、盲目、大胆，而是更加成熟、稳重、老练。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至暗时刻，往往预示着黎明的即将到来。随着去产能的累积效果显现，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2016</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年春节一过，钢材价格在第一季度一路升到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2640</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨，不少苟延残喘的钢企重新活蹦乱跳。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2017</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，全国打击消灭数千万吨非法“地条钢”，隐藏地下多年的“杂牌军”出清，正规钢铁企业欢呼雀跃。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2017</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年底，河北省超额完成了国家下达的去产能任务。这一年，全国钢铁行业实现利润</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1773</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿元，同比增长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">613%</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这一年，河北生产粗钢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.91</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿吨，未来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年将继续压减</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨钢铁产能，河钢集团在全球</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大钢铁企业排名第四，津西、敬业、纵横也进入前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">强。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转型加速：走向高质量发展阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“全球钢铁生产中心”和“世界第一钢铁大国”已经历史性地落在中国身上。世界钢铁看中国，中国钢铁看河北。未来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，河北钢铁行业将进入以“大重组、大搬迁、大调整、大提高”为特征的转型发展期、秩序重建期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当前，河北钢铁工业发展有五大突出任务要完成：一是绿色发展，环保治理继续升级</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二是兼并重组，提高产业集中度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三是装备升级改造，走工艺技术装备综合配套大型化、信息化和智能化之路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四是调整优化产品结构，以市场为导向，由中低端产品向中高端产品转变，不断提高产品和服务质量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五是借去产能、环保治理和兼并重组之机，调整优化产业布局。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从发达国家发展历程看，钢铁在加速工业化阶段是重要的战略支撑产业，在加速工业化完成后仍然是国民经济发展的重要原料供给工业，还会持续发展。河北钢铁工业只有解决了当下面临的一些突出问题，才能抢占市场竞争制高点，走向转型升级高质量发展阶段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当前，在高端、细分市场，我国每年还要进口几千万吨技术上达不到或成本上不经济的高端钢材。钢铁领域的创新永无止境，未来若干年，我国钢铁行业仍需苦练内功，在技术积累上弥补差距、争取赶超。当我国钢材保有量达到一定程度，将向短流程电炉炼钢转变，排放将大大降低，环境友好程度大为提高。为此，全行业要保持历史的耐心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p>(关键字：河北钢铁)</p></div>
<div class="v2_comtent_info04">（责任编辑：01112）</div>